C&ENER · Ideas & analysis

Perspectives.

Ideas connecting resources, industry and agriculture.

Strategic perspective

Strategy & development

Colombian urea for agricultural growth

Colombia imports urea and has coal that can be converted into that input. The opportunity is to connect domestic industry with an agricultural sector that can grow.

Read article9 min read

Rice at CIAT, Colombia. Neil Palmer / CIAT · CC BY-SA 2.0. Editorial crop; not C2U results. License ↗

Series · Urea in Colombia

From industrial opportunity to the buyer’s economics. Three connected articles, each of which can also be read on its own.

Resources & agriculture

Can Colombia produce urea again?

Urea connects agriculture with energy, chemistry and logistics. What would Colombia need to turn that industrial opportunity into a competitive plant?

Read article10 min read

Rice at CIAT, Colombia. Neil Palmer / CIAT · CC BY-SA 2.0. Editorial crop; not C2U results. License ↗

Industrial transformation

From coal to urea: how the industrial chain works

A fertilizer granule sits at the end of a connected industrial chain. What transformations, utilities and interfaces make that journey possible?

Read article8 min read

Fieldwork in Córdoba. C&ENER archive, 2025. Editorial crop; not a urea plant or evidence of C2U’s current status.

Markets & competitiveness

Colombian urea: the economics that must work

A local resource opens an opportunity. Competitive urea needs three things to work together: delivery economics, effective output and investment recovery.

Read article8 min read

Cartagena, 2016. Joe Ross · CC BY-SA 2.0. Editorial crop; logistics context, not a urea shipment. License ↗